Milk is one of the most nutritious foods consumed worldwide, but its quality depends on several key components and proper handling. For farmers, processors, and consumers alike, understanding what makes up milk and how its quality is tested is essential. The Major Components of Milk Milk is made up of different nutrients that determine both its nutritional and physico-chemical quality: Water (87.3%) —The largest component, essential for hydration and volume. Fats (3.7%) —Provide energy and contribute to the creamy taste and texture. Proteins (3.2%) —Casein and whey proteins are vital for growth and body repair. Sugar (4.8%) —mainly lactose, which gives milk its natural sweetness and energy value. Trace Components —Minerals, vitamins, and enzymes present in small amounts but critical for nutrition. How Milk Quality is Tested Once milk arrives at collection centers or processing plants, several tests are performed to ensure safety and quality: Organoleptic Test Experie...
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